#1qartvelebisa da baskebis natesaobis problema didi xania ainteresebs mecnierebas, qartvel sazogadoebriobas da aramxolod mat.baskebis istoria, rogorc sxva zogierti patara xalxis istoriaa - es aris dampyroblebis winaamgdeg ganuwyveteli brdzolis istoria,tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobistvis mebrdzoli xalxis istoria. tumca ,,dznelia daiweros am eris sashinao da sagareo istoria, radgan ar arsebobs arc erti dzveli dokumenti mis shesaxeb’’(r.galopi)
baskebi tavis tavs uwodebdnen evskaldunaks (euskaldunak), rac sityvasityvit nishnavs : ,,baskurad molaparake xalxi“. baskur enas ewodeba evskara (euskara). baskebi dziritadad cxovroben espanetshi, safrangetshi da latinur amerikashi. baskebs espanetshi ukaviat shemdegi provenciebi: biskaia (mtavari qalaqi bilbao), gipuskoa (mtavari qalaqi san_sebastiani), alava (mtavari qalaqi_vitoria), navara (mtavari qalaqi_pamplona). safrangetshi baskebit dasaxlebuli raionebia:
laburi, suli, qvemo navara.
latinur amerikashi baskebi dasaxlebulni arian montevideosa da argentinashi, sadac mat gaxsnili aqvt presa da tavisi erovnuli organizaciebi.
,,baskebi evropis udzvelesi xalxia.isini binadrobdnen pireneebshi gacilebit ufro adrindel xanashi, vidre iq evropelebi damkvidrdnebodnen. dges baskebi dasavletshi warmoadgenen ertadert udzveles toms, romelic ar aris evropelta modgmisa, baskuri ena ert-erti araindoevropuli tipis udzvelesi enaa evropashi. baskebs echirat farto teritoria pireneis naxevarkundzulze (rasac mowmobs am mxaris toponimika), magram istoriul warsulshi isini sheaviwroves da miuval mtebshi moamwyvdies.
romaelebma ver moaxerxes baskebis gadagvareba, mashin rodesac romanizacias ver ascdnen danarcheni iberieli tomebi dasavletshi da samudamod sheerivnen latinta modgmas.
baskebi gadaurchnen agretve evstgutebisa da arabebis lashqrobebs da faqtobrivi damoukidebloba sheinarchunes ulmobel da utanasworo brdzolashi.“ (sh. dzidzguri)
espaneli istorikosi l.perikot garsia wers:
,,ertaderti ena, winaistoriidan gadarchenili, sakvirveleba, espanets rom ebodza neolitis, da shesadzloa paleolitis mier…ra enaa es ena? aravitar dzalas ar sheudzlia evropashi XX saukunis adamniani gadaisrolos,vtqvat, 5 da 10 atasi wlis winare xanashi, daubrunos mas im droindeli realobis shegrdzneba! sakmarisia mxolod movusminot bask glexebs espanetshi, roca isini mgerian taviant enaze romelime saxalxo dgesaswaulis dros“
mecniarebashi dgemde didi davis sagania baskebis tavdapirveli samshoblosa da mati etnikuri warmoshobis sakitxi. mecnierta nawili fiqrobs rom baskebi chrdiloet afrikidan mosuli xalxia,asvee iyvnen iseti mkvlevarebi romlebis baskebs samxret amerikidan mosul xalxad miichnevda, tumca am orma versiam dgemde ver moipova gavrcelebis areali.
zemot agnishnuli versiebisgan gansxvavebit yvelaze didi gavrcelebis areali hpova baskebis kavkasiidan wasvlis teoriam,kerdzod ki kavkasiis iberebisa da dasavletis iberebis natesaobam.
plinisus umcrosi werda : ,,espanetis iberebi warmoshobit aziis iberiidan arian“ frangi a. bodrimoni wignshi “baskebis istoria”, romelic 145 wlis winat gamouciat parizshi, askvnis, rom iberielebi pireneis naxevarkundzulze movidnen kavkasiis iberiidan – saqartvelodan da taviant qveyanas im qveynis saxeli daarqves (iberia), saidanac movidneno.
saqartvelos shesaxeb jozef smitis statiashi natqvamia, rom shesadzlebelia baskuric enatesavebodes qartuls. dasashvebia baskebi etnikuradac “kavkasiuri” warmomavlobisa iyvnen. tu gavixsenebt, rom romaelebi saqartvelosa da espanetsac iberias edzaxdnen, safiqrebelia, es saerto warmoshobas miutitebdes.
baskologi adolf dornigi tavis wignshi ,,iberebi da euskarebi da iberiuli civilizaciis misia winaistoriul epoqashi“, rodesac baskebis sadaurobis sakitxs ixilavs, yuradgebas amaxvilebs saqartvelos istoriul adgilebze ,,doskuria“_ze anu ,,isgaur“_ze romlebic warmoadgenen shavi zgvis navsadgurebs da saidanac a. dorningis azrit,iberiul tomta erti nawili dasavletisken wavida. a.dorningi wers : patara navsadguri sofel isgaurshi,romelic amjamad kolxetis napirze mdebareobs, udzveles droshi centralur aziastan damakavshirebeli ert_erti yvelaze mnishvnelovani da cnobili savachro punqti iyo“.
statiashi “aqvt tu ara saerto warmoshoba baskur da qartul enebs?” doqtori aranegi wers: “ar sheidzleba yuradgeba ar miiqcios im faqtma, rom mravali qartuli gvari zusti aslia baskurisa, an piriqit. magalitad: eristavi, lolua, nodia, agretve mravalricxovani gvari, romelta daboloebaa “uri”: xubuluri, inauri, ochiauri, wiklauri da sxva… did interess iwveven toponimikis monacemebi. qartuli daba soflebis saxelwodebani gali, lentexi, xashuri, gori, mestia da bevri sxva titqos basketis rukidan augiato, an piriqit, qartulidan baskurshi gadautaniato…”
viliaslada tavis romanshi ,,amala“ miutitebs basketis an saertod, pireneis naxevarkundzulis mtebis mdinareebisa da dasaxlebuli punqtebis analogiur saxelwodebaze kavkasiis iberiashi. kidev erti baskologi m.fabri wers: ,,aziidan pirineis naxevarkundzulze mosuli iberebi gamoeyvnen kavkasiis iberebs“
saintereso cnobaa daculi frangi avtoris filip veirenis wignshi “baskebi”, romelic gamovida 1957 wels:
“lingvistebi baskur da kavkasiis dgevandel cocxal enebs shoris saertos pouloben, kerdzod, fonetikashi, sityvebis dzirebshi da gramatikul sufiqsebshi. mteli rigi specialistebisatvis, rogoric arian prof. r. lafoni da karl bouda, arsebobs saerto euskaro-kavkasiurs shoris, romlis ert-erti shto aris baskuri“. aseve am mosazrebas iziarebdnen qartveli enatmecnierebi. qartvelologia agiarebs, rom baskebi qartvelebis monatesave xalxia, xolo baskuri ena miekutvneba iberiul-kavkasiuri enebis ojaxs (akad. arn. chiqobava).
niko maris hipotezis mixedvit iberielebi (baskebis winaprebi) saqartvelodan arian wasuli. mati migracia dasavletit navaraudevia ori gzit: erti – zgvaze samxretit, mcire aziisa da xmeltashua zgvis kundzulebis mimartulebit, meore – chrdiloetit materikze, shavi zgvis chrdilo sanapiroebze da evropis samxretit..
baskta da qartvelta istoriis kvleva ar dawyebula saqartveloshi am bolo 100 wlis mandzilze, bevrad adre, jer kidev X saukunis saxelgantqmul mwignobars ioane mtawmindels, gamochenili qartveli literatoris giorgi mtawmindelis cnobit (nagulisxmebia “ioanes da eqvtimes” cxovreba, romelic 1042-44 wlebshia dawerili – g.m.), eqspedicia mouwyvia espanetshi gasamgzavreblad, rata moenaxulebina qartvelta natesavni: “ganizraxa netarman mamaman chuenman iovane, raita agigos dze tvisi da ravdennime mowafeni da ivltodis spaniad… rametu asmioda, vitarmed qartvelni aramciredni natesavni da erni mkvidr arian mun. da amis pirisatvis warvida vidre avidosamde, raita mier povos navi, kerdzota spaniisata mimavali, da warvides mun…”
miuxedavad zemot moyvanili uamravi mosazrebisa da istoriuli faqtisa mecnierebi mainc didxans ver shejerdebian imaze arian tu ara baskebi da kavkasiis iberebi erti etnikuri warmomavlobis xalxi.
baskebi tavis tavs uwodebdnen evskaldunaks (euskaldunak), rac sityvasityvit nishnavs : ,,baskurad molaparake xalxi“. baskur enas ewodeba evskara (euskara). baskebi dziritadad cxovroben espanetshi, safrangetshi da latinur amerikashi. baskebs espanetshi ukaviat shemdegi provenciebi: biskaia (mtavari qalaqi bilbao), gipuskoa (mtavari qalaqi san_sebastiani), alava (mtavari qalaqi_vitoria), navara (mtavari qalaqi_pamplona). safrangetshi baskebit dasaxlebuli raionebia:
laburi, suli, qvemo navara.
latinur amerikashi baskebi dasaxlebulni arian montevideosa da argentinashi, sadac mat gaxsnili aqvt presa da tavisi erovnuli organizaciebi.
,,baskebi evropis udzvelesi xalxia.isini binadrobdnen pireneebshi gacilebit ufro adrindel xanashi, vidre iq evropelebi damkvidrdnebodnen. dges baskebi dasavletshi warmoadgenen ertadert udzveles toms, romelic ar aris evropelta modgmisa, baskuri ena ert-erti araindoevropuli tipis udzvelesi enaa evropashi. baskebs echirat farto teritoria pireneis naxevarkundzulze (rasac mowmobs am mxaris toponimika), magram istoriul warsulshi isini sheaviwroves da miuval mtebshi moamwyvdies.
romaelebma ver moaxerxes baskebis gadagvareba, mashin rodesac romanizacias ver ascdnen danarcheni iberieli tomebi dasavletshi da samudamod sheerivnen latinta modgmas.
baskebi gadaurchnen agretve evstgutebisa da arabebis lashqrobebs da faqtobrivi damoukidebloba sheinarchunes ulmobel da utanasworo brdzolashi.“ (sh. dzidzguri)
espaneli istorikosi l.perikot garsia wers:
,,ertaderti ena, winaistoriidan gadarchenili, sakvirveleba, espanets rom ebodza neolitis, da shesadzloa paleolitis mier…ra enaa es ena? aravitar dzalas ar sheudzlia evropashi XX saukunis adamniani gadaisrolos,vtqvat, 5 da 10 atasi wlis winare xanashi, daubrunos mas im droindeli realobis shegrdzneba! sakmarisia mxolod movusminot bask glexebs espanetshi, roca isini mgerian taviant enaze romelime saxalxo dgesaswaulis dros“
mecniarebashi dgemde didi davis sagania baskebis tavdapirveli samshoblosa da mati etnikuri warmoshobis sakitxi. mecnierta nawili fiqrobs rom baskebi chrdiloet afrikidan mosuli xalxia,asvee iyvnen iseti mkvlevarebi romlebis baskebs samxret amerikidan mosul xalxad miichnevda, tumca am orma versiam dgemde ver moipova gavrcelebis areali.
zemot agnishnuli versiebisgan gansxvavebit yvelaze didi gavrcelebis areali hpova baskebis kavkasiidan wasvlis teoriam,kerdzod ki kavkasiis iberebisa da dasavletis iberebis natesaobam.
plinisus umcrosi werda : ,,espanetis iberebi warmoshobit aziis iberiidan arian“ frangi a. bodrimoni wignshi “baskebis istoria”, romelic 145 wlis winat gamouciat parizshi, askvnis, rom iberielebi pireneis naxevarkundzulze movidnen kavkasiis iberiidan – saqartvelodan da taviant qveyanas im qveynis saxeli daarqves (iberia), saidanac movidneno.
saqartvelos shesaxeb jozef smitis statiashi natqvamia, rom shesadzlebelia baskuric enatesavebodes qartuls. dasashvebia baskebi etnikuradac “kavkasiuri” warmomavlobisa iyvnen. tu gavixsenebt, rom romaelebi saqartvelosa da espanetsac iberias edzaxdnen, safiqrebelia, es saerto warmoshobas miutitebdes.
baskologi adolf dornigi tavis wignshi ,,iberebi da euskarebi da iberiuli civilizaciis misia winaistoriul epoqashi“, rodesac baskebis sadaurobis sakitxs ixilavs, yuradgebas amaxvilebs saqartvelos istoriul adgilebze ,,doskuria“_ze anu ,,isgaur“_ze romlebic warmoadgenen shavi zgvis navsadgurebs da saidanac a. dorningis azrit,iberiul tomta erti nawili dasavletisken wavida. a.dorningi wers : patara navsadguri sofel isgaurshi,romelic amjamad kolxetis napirze mdebareobs, udzveles droshi centralur aziastan damakavshirebeli ert_erti yvelaze mnishvnelovani da cnobili savachro punqti iyo“.
statiashi “aqvt tu ara saerto warmoshoba baskur da qartul enebs?” doqtori aranegi wers: “ar sheidzleba yuradgeba ar miiqcios im faqtma, rom mravali qartuli gvari zusti aslia baskurisa, an piriqit. magalitad: eristavi, lolua, nodia, agretve mravalricxovani gvari, romelta daboloebaa “uri”: xubuluri, inauri, ochiauri, wiklauri da sxva… did interess iwveven toponimikis monacemebi. qartuli daba soflebis saxelwodebani gali, lentexi, xashuri, gori, mestia da bevri sxva titqos basketis rukidan augiato, an piriqit, qartulidan baskurshi gadautaniato…”
viliaslada tavis romanshi ,,amala“ miutitebs basketis an saertod, pireneis naxevarkundzulis mtebis mdinareebisa da dasaxlebuli punqtebis analogiur saxelwodebaze kavkasiis iberiashi. kidev erti baskologi m.fabri wers: ,,aziidan pirineis naxevarkundzulze mosuli iberebi gamoeyvnen kavkasiis iberebs“
saintereso cnobaa daculi frangi avtoris filip veirenis wignshi “baskebi”, romelic gamovida 1957 wels:
“lingvistebi baskur da kavkasiis dgevandel cocxal enebs shoris saertos pouloben, kerdzod, fonetikashi, sityvebis dzirebshi da gramatikul sufiqsebshi. mteli rigi specialistebisatvis, rogoric arian prof. r. lafoni da karl bouda, arsebobs saerto euskaro-kavkasiurs shoris, romlis ert-erti shto aris baskuri“. aseve am mosazrebas iziarebdnen qartveli enatmecnierebi. qartvelologia agiarebs, rom baskebi qartvelebis monatesave xalxia, xolo baskuri ena miekutvneba iberiul-kavkasiuri enebis ojaxs (akad. arn. chiqobava).
niko maris hipotezis mixedvit iberielebi (baskebis winaprebi) saqartvelodan arian wasuli. mati migracia dasavletit navaraudevia ori gzit: erti – zgvaze samxretit, mcire aziisa da xmeltashua zgvis kundzulebis mimartulebit, meore – chrdiloetit materikze, shavi zgvis chrdilo sanapiroebze da evropis samxretit..
baskta da qartvelta istoriis kvleva ar dawyebula saqartveloshi am bolo 100 wlis mandzilze, bevrad adre, jer kidev X saukunis saxelgantqmul mwignobars ioane mtawmindels, gamochenili qartveli literatoris giorgi mtawmindelis cnobit (nagulisxmebia “ioanes da eqvtimes” cxovreba, romelic 1042-44 wlebshia dawerili – g.m.), eqspedicia mouwyvia espanetshi gasamgzavreblad, rata moenaxulebina qartvelta natesavni: “ganizraxa netarman mamaman chuenman iovane, raita agigos dze tvisi da ravdennime mowafeni da ivltodis spaniad… rametu asmioda, vitarmed qartvelni aramciredni natesavni da erni mkvidr arian mun. da amis pirisatvis warvida vidre avidosamde, raita mier povos navi, kerdzota spaniisata mimavali, da warvides mun…”
miuxedavad zemot moyvanili uamravi mosazrebisa da istoriuli faqtisa mecnierebi mainc didxans ver shejerdebian imaze arian tu ara baskebi da kavkasiis iberebi erti etnikuri warmomavlobis xalxi.
